
Known as the DMV (Dual Mode Vehicle) this rather unique bus, which has already begun operating in Japan, works both as a conventional road going bus as well as a train with its ability to switch from road to rail on the fly.
Designed to serve Japan’s less densely populated provinces by road whilst offering rail connectivity during rush hours, the 28 seat DMV manufactured by JR Hokkaido is presently operating in Hokkaido.

You can see the DMV in action in the video below.
[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6I1GBcAlm-8]
[Source | U-DMV]
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“Hybrid Japanese DMV Bus Travels on Road and Rail”
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Very old technology I’m afraid. Seattle (USA) years ago had a diesel powered ‘ordinary’ bus that when it got closer to the city switched off the diesel engine and became a trolley bus, taking power from overhead wires, then, when entering the city centre, became an underground train on little rubber wheels – still powered by electricity. Don’t know if it’s still in operation; hope so, because it really cut pollution. Here in Australia, the mining companies have ordinary trucks that also have railway wheels and can move from the road to rail very quickly. They also have dual (road/rail) Landcruisers for track inspections. The new Metro rail system in Perth is being built using dual purpose vehicles. Now, if this noisy Japanese bus thing was powered by electricity ……